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Comments and suggestions concerning this book should be mailed to gmourani@videotron.ca © Copyright 1999-2000 Gerhard Mourani and Open Network Architecture ® 467 nmbd         461     root        8u      IPv4    468         UDP   deep.openarch.com:netbios -ns  nmbd         461     root        9u      IPv4    470         UDP   deep.openarch.com:netbios -dgm  named       2599   root        4u      IPv4   3095         UDP   *:32771 named       2599   root        20u   IPv4   3091         UDP   localhost.localdomain:domain named       2599   root        21u   IPv4   3092         TCP   localhost.localdomain:domain (LISTEN) named       2599   root        22u   IPv4   3093         UDP   deep.openarch.com:domain named       2599   root        23u   IPv4   3094         TCP   deep.openarch.com:domain (LISTEN) 1.6 Run commands on remote server via ssh protocol without logging in The ssh command can also be used to run commands on remote systems without logging in. The output of the command is displayed and control returns to the local system. Here is an example which will display all the users logged in on the remote system. [admin@deep /]$ ssh mail.openarch.com who admin@mail.openarch.com's password: root   tty1    Dec  2 14:45 admin tty2    Dec  2 14:45 wahib pts/0 Dec  2 11:38 1.7 Filename Completion Tab filename completion allows you to type in portions of a filename or program, and then press [TAB], and it will complete the filename for you. If there's more than one file or program that starts with what you already typed in, it will beep, and then when you press [TAB] again it lists all the files that start with what you initially type. 1.8 Special Characters You can quickly accomplish tasks you perform frequently by using shortcut keys — one or more keys you press on the keyboard to complete a task. For example, special characters can be used on the Linux shell like the following: Control-d : If you are in the shell and hit control-d you get logged off. Control-l: If you are in the shell and hit control-l you clear the screen. ? : This is a wildcard. This can represent a letter. If you specified something at the command line like "m?b" Linux would look for mob, mib, mub, and every other letter/number between a-z, 0-9. * : This can represent any number of characters. If you specified a "mi*" it would use "mit", mim, miiii, miya, and ANYTHING that starts with mi. "M*l" could by mill, mull, ml, and anything that starts with an H and ends with an L. [] - Specifies a range. if I did m[o,u,i]m Linux would think: mim, mum, mom if I did: m[a-d]m Linux would think: mam, mbm, mcm, mdm. Get the idea? The [], ?, and * are usually used with copy, deleting files, and directory listings. NOTE: EVERYTHING in Linux is CASE sensitive. This means "Bill" and "bill" are not the same thing. This allows for many files to be able to be stored, since "Bill" "bill" "bIll" "biLl", etc. can be different files. So, when using the [] stuff, you have to specify capital letters if any files you are dealing with has capital letters. Most everything is lower case though.