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UNCLASSIFIED Glossary  Version 1.0g  UNCLASSIFIED 231   IP Internet Protocol – The network-layer protocol on which the Internet is built.  There are two extant versions of IP: IPv4 and IPv6.  IPv4 is standardized in RFC 791.  IPv6 is standarized in RFC 1883.    [Note: all the discussion in this guide concerns IPv4.] IPSec Internet Protocol Security – a set of standards that define confidentiality and integrity protection for IP traffic.  IPSec is standardized by a set of  RFCs including RFC 2401. ISAKMP Internet Security Association Key Management Protocol – one of the precursors of IKE (see also IKE, IPSec). Kerberos  Kerberos was developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as a network authentication system, and it   provides strong authentication for client/server applications by using secret-key cryptography. Kerberos is standardized in RFC 1510 (see also RADIUS). LAN Local Area Network – general term for a single -segment or switched network of limited physical and organizational extent.    LANE LAN Emulation – A standard mechanism for routing IP packets over ATM. MAC Address Media Access Control address – the link layer address of a network interface, especially Ethernet interfaces.  An Ethernet MAC address is 48 bits long. MD5 Message Digest algorithm 5 – a widely-used cryptographic checksum algorithm, standardized in RFC 1321.   MIB Management Information Base – the hierarchical data organization used by SNMP.  (See also SNMP) MPOA Multi-Protocol Over ATM – A proposed standard mechanism for hosting network protocols (such as IP) over ATM.  (See also LANE) Multicast An operational feature of IP, in which packets can be broadcast to partic ular recipients based on address.  In IPv4, addresses from 224.0.0.0 to 225.255.255.255 are usually multicast group addresses. NNTP Network News Transfer Protocol – a TCP -based application protocol that usually runs on port 119. NTP Network Time Protocol – the standard network time synchronization protocol, can use UDP or TCP, but usually uses UDP, port 123.  NTP is standardized in RFC 1305.